Abstract

Resilience is one key component to counter Hybrid Threats. Resilience against hybrid threats can take an advantage of the resilience measures of different domains . It needs to be thoroughly designed and implemented. Developing resilience against hybrid threats requires not only looking at resilience in each area but how to build it systemically considering dependencies and interdependencies between the different parts of society.
This report examines what is particular about resilience against Hybrid Threats.

In this report, the comprehensive approach to resilient ecosystem (CARE) model which is a system-thinking representation of the society as a whole is proposed.

Authors: JUNGWIRTH Rainer; SMITH Hanna; WILLKOMM Etienne; SAVOLAINEN Jukka; ALONSO VILLOTA Marina; LEBRUN Maxime; AHO Aleksi; GIANNOPOULOS Georgios

Citation: JUNGWIRTH, R., SMITH, H., WILLKOMM, E., SAVOLAINEN, J., ALONSO VILLOTA, M. et al., Hybrid Threats: A Comprehensive Resilience Ecosystem, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2023, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/37899 (main), JRC129019.

Abstract

The purpose of the current handbook is to provide guidance against the growing international threat posed by the malicious use of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAS), commonly referred to as drones. The focus narrows down into recommendations for a robust and usable approach for the physical hardening of non-military infrastructures and public spaces against this borderless phenomenon. It addresses shortcomings encountered in the design of such security solutions and aims at producing a simple, self-contained guide to enable the selection of appropriate measures that are able to mitigate and/or deter potential attacks. Towards assessing the relevant risk, a detailed analytical procedure is illustrated for identifying the weaknesses of the potential targets and calculating the parameters that influence the likelihood of manifestation of a UAS-driven attack and its consequences. A methodological approach is proposed that facilitates the development of attack scenarios depending on the vulnerabilities of the examined asset, assisting their comparison in terms of severity and probability of occurrence. Advice is provided for the introduction of physical hardening measures that may effectively treat the evaluated threat. This measures span from physical protective measures to concealment

Abstract

The European security order is undergoing a fundamental transformation, where hybrid threats will likely increase. In this context, this study aims to respond to the evolving geopolitical landscape and provide the Ministries of Defence (MoDs) with a more comprehensive conceptual basis to facilitate the development of the necessary measures to counter hybrid threats. This will enhance the resilience of critical energy infrastructures (CEI) on which the defence sector depends for its well-functioning. 

To ensure EU-wide coherence, this study follows the conceptual framework on hybrid threats and the comprehensive resilience ecosystem (CORE) model developed by JRC and the Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Helsinki (HCoE). Thus, it focuses on (sub)domains for identifying defence-related CEI interdependencies and investigating the tools that adversaries could employ to undermine their performance. 

In addition, this document provides MoDs and other stakeholders with recommendations for increasing the resilience of defence-related CEI against hybrid threats by promoting civil-military collaboration at the EU level, raising awareness, sharing best practices, stimulating discussion and triggering critical thinking on how to maintain the energy supply and thus safeguard military performance.

Abstract

In recent years, public spaces – from shopping malls, open-air markets and churches to metro stations – have been the target of terrorist attacks in European cities. Created by a broad range of experts from the European Commission, academia and security experts, this handbook – although not legally binding – promotes the concept of security by design and gives useful information on how to apply it when designing and building public spaces. 

It addresses practical concerns when integrating security measures for project teams, security operators, urban planners and anyone involved in the design or redesign of public spaces. Security by design strives to make public spaces not only safer but also multifunctional, sustainable, beautiful and accessible for all people. In essence, the concept opposes the creation of unliveable urban fortresses.

Abstract

During the last years, the topic of Hybrid Threats (HT) dominates the security landscape in Europe. Whereas it may be considered by several stakeholders as a new topic, in fact it is not. It is as old as conflict and warfare, however, repackaged and empowered by new tools, concepts and technologies targeting vulnerabilities in several domains in an unprecedented manner. This new reality increases the outreach and effectiveness of HT towards achieving very strategic and overarching objectives such as undermining public trust in democratic institutions, challenging the core values of societies, gaining geopolitical influence and power and affecting the decision making capability of the political leaders. As a consequence, it is not a surprise that HT belong to the sphere of serious and acute threats to the EU and NATO and its Member States and are recognized as such by policymakers across Europe and beyond.

Authors: CULLEN Patrick; JUOLA Cristina; KARAGIANNIS Georgios; KIVISOO Käsper; NORMARK Magnus; RÁCZ András; SCHMID Johann; SCHROEFL Josef

Publisher: Publications Office of the European Union

Citation: Cullen, P., Juola, C., Karagiannis, G., Kivisoo, K., Normark, M., Rácz, A., Schmid, J. and Schroefl, J., The landscape of Hybrid Threats: A Conceptual Model (Public Version), Giannopoulos, G., Smith, H. and Theocharidou, M. editor(s), EUR 30585 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2021, ISBN 978-92-76-29819-9, doi:10.2760/44985, JRC123305.